Internationally recognized physicians and researchers review both the basics of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and recent advances in the field, particularly as they relate to antitumor effects ...

What is an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?

Listen to pronunciation. (A-loh-jeh-NAY-ik stem sel TRANZ-plant) A procedure in which a patient receives healthy blood-forming cells (stem cells) from a donor to replace their own stem cells that have been destroyed by treatment with radiation or high doses of chemotherapy.

What is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation used for?

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (also called bone marrow transplantation or stem cell transplantation) is a treatment used in some types of cancer particularly malignancies of the blood. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy area in the center of some of the larger bones of the body.

What are the downsides of using allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant?

The graft may fail to grow or be rejected in the patient resulting in bone marrow failure with the absence of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet production. This results in infection, anemia and bleeding.

What is an allogeneic HCT?

Allogeneic HCT uses hematopoietic progenitor cells collected from a healthy person (not from the patients themselves). Allogeneic HCT is increasingly used to treat a variety of hematologic neoplasms and nonmalignant marrow disorders (acquired and inherited), including inborn errors of metabolism.

Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

What is hematopoietic cell?

(hee-MA-toh-poy-EH-tik stem sel) An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Also called blood stem cell.

Why is allogeneic better?

Benefits of allogeneic stem cell transplant: The donor stem cells make their own immune cells, which could help kill any cancer cells that remain after high-dose treatment. This is called the graft-versus-cancer or graft-versus-tumor effect.

What are the precautions for allogeneic stem cell transplant?

You'll have a much higher risk of getting an infection after conditioning until engraftment. You'll need to take precautions, including avoiding sources of infection, washing your hands regularly, and following a food safe diet.

What are allogeneic stem cells?

An allogeneic stem cell transplant uses healthy blood stem cells from a donor to replace your diseased or damaged bone marrow. An allogeneic stem cell transplant is also called an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. A donor may be a family member, an acquaintance or someone you don't know.

What are the chances of dying from a stem cell transplant?

Previously, the study researchers showed in a 2010 study that 30% of patients who had a transplant from 1993-1997 died within 200 days after transplantation. The incidence has declined to 16% for patients from the 2003-2007 era and 11% for patients from the 2013-2017 era.

What are the 3 primary sources of stem cells used for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a standard treatment for many hematological malignancies. Three different sources of stem cells, namely bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and cord blood (CB) can be used for HSCT, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation effective?

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has shown high cure rates but with available treatments like tyrosine kinase inhibitors and high success rates with low adverse risk profile, HSCT is reserved for patients with the refractory disease to first-line agents in CML.

What is HSC in immunology?

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells. ... Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to different types of blood cells, in lines called myeloid and lymphoid. Myeloid and lymphoid lineages both are involved in dendritic cell formation.

What do allogeneic mean?

(A-loh-JEH-nik) Taken from different individuals of the same species.

What is allogeneic used to describe?

1 usually allogeneic : involving, derived from, or being individuals of the same species that are sufficiently unlike genetically to interact antigenically allogeneic stem cells allogeneic marrow transplantation — compare syngeneic.

What does allogeneic donor mean?

Allogeneic (A-loh-jeh-NAY-ik) means stem cells are taken from a donor (you) and given to another person. After your stem cells are harvested, they'll be given to a patient in a peripheral blood stem cell transplant.

How is allogeneic stem cell transplant performed?

In an allogeneic transplant, stem cells are collected from a matching donor and transplanted into the patient to suppress the disease and restore the patient's immune system. An allogeneic stem cell transplant is different from an autologous stem cell transplant, which uses stem cells from the patient's own body.

What happens in allogeneic stem cell transplant?

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation involves transferring the stem cells from a healthy person (the donor) to the patient's body after high-intensity chemotherapy or radiation. The donated stem cells can come from either a related or an unrelated donor.

How does an allogeneic transplant work?

In an allogeneic transplant, a person's stem cells are replaced with new, healthy stem cells. The new cells come from a donor or from donated umbilical cord blood. Chemotherapy or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is given before the transplant.

When a patient requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires transport out of a PE room what type of mask should the patient wear?

Hospitalized SOT recipients should not travel through areas under construction or renovation. Severely immunocompromised patients requiring transport out of the protective environment should wear a high-efficiency respiratory protection mask, like N95, to prevent the inhalation of particulates [2].

How much does an allogeneic stem cell transplant cost?

The median inpatient costs for myeloablative allogeneic and autologous transplants were $406,195 and $194,125, respectively, for pediatric patients versus $212,332 and $111,419, respectively, for adults.

What is a protective environment for allogeneic stem cell transplant?

Protective Environment (PE) rooms are hospital rooms designed to protect a high-risk immunocompromised patient from human and environmental airborne pathogens. These are positive pressure rooms intended to keep patients safe during recovery from cancer treatment or stem-cell transplant.

What is an allogeneic bone marrow transplant?

In an allogeneic bone marrow transplant, the healthy stem cells come from the bone marrow of a related donor who is not an identical twin of the patient or from an unrelated donor who is genetically similar to the patient.

What is the success rate of allogeneic transplant?

Among allogeneic recipients, 9 (23%) are currently alive, and actuarial disease-free survival at 7 years is 11%.

What are the defining features of stem cells?

The two defining characteristics of a stem cell are perpetual self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type.