Width of keratinized gingiva was measured as the distance from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Sulcus depth was measured as the distance from the gingival margin to base of the sulcus.

What is the width of keratinized gingiva?

Width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) was measured mid-facially to the nearest 0.5 mm according to Fischer et al. [15] with a periodontal probe (UNC 12) (Fig. 3). This parameter is defined as the distance from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.

Which part of gingiva is Keratinized?

The keratinized gingival is the part of the oral mucosa which covers the gingiva and hard palate. It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva.

How is mucogingival junction measured?

Using the mucogingival junction as the boundary that demarcates the apical border of the attached gingiva, a periodontal probe is inserted into the gingival sulcus and measures how much of the keratinized gingiva coronal to the mucogingival junction is attached to the underlying bone.

How is gingival thickness measured?

Methods to determine gingival thickness

In the direct method, the tissue thickness is measured using a periodontal probe. When the thickness is >1.5 mm, it was categorized as thick biotype and if less than 1.5 mm, it was considered as thin.

Measuring width of Attached Gingiva

How do you measure gingival phenotype?

Gingival biotype can be evaluated either by direct visual assessment, by using periodontal probe or by direct measurements using endodontic spreaders, endodontic files and calipers.

What is fenestration and dehiscence?

Fenestration is the condition, in which the bony coverage of the root surface is lost, and the root surface is only covered by the periosteum and gingiva. In such lesions, marginal bone is intact. When this bone defect spreads toward the marginal bone, it is called dehiscence.[1]

What is the difference between Keratinized gingiva and attached gingiva?

It is non-keratinized and provides a softer and more flexible area for the movement of the cheeks and lips. Attached gingiva – This tissue is adjacent to the free gingiva and is keratinized and firmly attached to the bone structure.

Is marginal gingiva Keratinized?

Dental anatomy

Most of the gingiva is firmly attached to the supporting bone, with a slightly more mobile (usually non-keratinized) area, termed the free (marginal) gingiva, which is the prominent area close to the tooth.

Is mucogingival junction Keratinized?

It is attached by the alveolar crest, horizontal and oblique fibers of the periodontal ligament. A mucogingival junction is an anatomical feature which is found on the intraoral mucosa. ... However, the mucosa around the teeth and on the palate are more firm and keratinized.

How do you know if epithelium is Keratinized?

The cells on the surface of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium are very flat. Not only are they flat, but they are no longer alive. They have no nucleus or organelles. They are filled with a protein called keratin, which is what makes our skin waterproof.

What is Fremitus test in periodontics?

Fremitus test/Functional Mobility • Test to detect trauma from occlusion. • Fremitus is a measurement of the vibratory pattern of the teeth when the teeth are placed in contacting position and movements. • To measure fremitus ,a dampened index finger is placed along the buccal and labial surface of the maxillary teeth.

What is Keratinized tissue in oral cavity?

Keratinized tissue, also known as keratinized mucosa, refers to the band of tissue surrounding your teeth at the point where they meet the gums. The word "keratinized" is used to describe cells that produce large amounts of a protein called keratin, making them strong and better at forming barriers.

How do you calculate attachment loss?

1. When recession of the gingival margin is present, the CAL is calculated by adding the probing depth to the gingival margin level. ...
2. When the gingival margin is coronal to the CEJ, the CAL is calculated by subtracting the gingival margin level from the probing depth.

How do you find the width of an attached gingiva?

Place your probe on the outside of the tissue and measure from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Now measure the sulcus or pocket depth (probing depth). Subtract the probing depth from the outside measurement of the gingiva, and you will have the width of attached gingiva.

What is the biologic width in dentistry?

The biologic width is the distance established from the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment to the root surface of a tooth. This is also described as the height between the deepest point of the gingival sulcus and the alveolar bone crest.

Is Sulcular epithelium Keratinized?

Although there is no apparent difference between the connective tissues underlying the subcular and the surface gingival epithelium, the sulcular epithelium is not keratinized as is the gingival surface.

What is the function of Sulcular epithelium?

It is concluded that the sulcular environment has the capability of controlling the keratinizing potential of the outer surface gingival epithelium.

How much attached gingiva is essential?

Lang and Loe⁵ advocated a minimum of 2 mm of gingiva (1 mm free gingiva and 1 mm attached gingiva) to maintain gingival health, as teeth with less than 2 mm exhibited clinical signs of inflammation, even in the presence of good oral hygiene.

What advantages does gingiva gain from being Keratinized?

2.4 IMPLANT-MUCOSA INTERFACE

Wider zones of keratinized gingiva may offer more resistance to the forces of mastication and frictional contact that occurs during oral hygiene procedures and may create an environment that is less susceptible to tissue breakdown in the presence of inflammation (Bouri, 2008).

Which teeth have the most Keratinized gingiva?

On the oral aspect, the highest width of keratinized gingiva was found in relation to the mandibular first and second molars and the narrowest zone was observed in the area of the mandibular central incisors.

What does Keratinized epithelium mean?

Keratinized epithelium has keratin deposited on the surface which makes it impermeable and dry. Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include skin, epidermis of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and the masticatory mucosa.

Is lamina dura radiopaque?

The lamina dura surrounds the tooth socket and provides the attachment surface with which the Sharpey's fibers of the periodontal ligament perforate. On an x-ray a lamina dura will appear as a radiopaque line surrounding the tooth root. An intact lamina dura is seen as a sign of healthy periodontium.

What is dehiscence in perio?

18-8) A dehiscence is loss of alveolar bone on the facial (rarely lingual) aspect of a tooth that leaves a characteristic oval, root-exposed defect from the cementoenamel junction apically. The defect may be one or two millimeters long or extend the full length of the root.

What is alveolar bone?

The alveolar process, which is also called the alveolar bone, is the thick ridge of bone which contains the tooth sockets. The alveolar bone is located on the jaw bones which hold the teeth. In humans, these bones that contain the teeth are the maxilla and the mandible.